We Live For Something

TOEFL is an exam required by most US and Canadian university to prove proficiency(especially international students coming from countries where English is not native language) in English. It measures your listening, reading, speaking and writing skills to perform academic tasks in English. Many Universities in Europe and other countries also accept TOEFL (IELTS is popular outside the USA). The popularity of TOEFL is growing. There are two formats for the TOEFL test. The format you take depends on the location of your test center. Most test takers take the TOEFL iBT test. Test centers that do not have Internet access offer the Paper-based Test (PBT). TOEFL IBT Section Time Limit Questions Tasks Score Reading* 60-80 minutes 36-56 questions Read 3 or 4 passages from academic texts and answer questions. 0-30 Listening 60-90 minutes 34-51 questions Listen to lectures, classroom discussions and conversations, then answer questions. 0-30 Break 10 minutes Speaking 20 minutes 6 tasks...

Success is what every human being wants and dreams of in this world, even from the small children who are born, they taught to achieve success, "son, be a successful person" becomes a mantra that must be in the ears of every child. But some children who are born and grow up with a critical mind will probably ask questions about the success of both parents. In fact what most people mean by success is wealth. The hope of owning a luxury car, a magnificent house, a material that raises fame and prestige value is the main recipe for forming a symbol of the success of a human child. The meaning of superficial and narrow success is inherent in the thinking of this generation to form two choices in the growth of their lives, "you are fighting for abundant wealth or you fail." And unfortunately, the fruits of thought are answered with the state of this age in terms that are familiar to our ears: the rich get richer and the poor the poorer. The quest for wealth as much...

Our capacity for feeling empathy starts very early in life. Yes, my toddler pulls our cat’s tail and thinks it’s funny, but I also see his capacity to sense the emotions of others. If I’m having a bad day, he pulls me and his papa in for a group hug with his tiny little arms. And it’s not just toddlers: Infants as young as eight to 14 months old can show precursors to empathy, signs like displaying concern for a parent if they’re hurt or upset. The older we get, the more we can empathize. A recent study from the University of Munich in Germany found that children between the ages of five and seven increasingly anticipate feelings of concern for other people. Teaching empathy doesn’t just make kids more emotionally and socially competent; it can also help them be more successful and functioning citizens in the future. A recent study from Duke and Penn State followed over 750 people for 20 years and found those who were able to share and help other children in kindergarten were more li...

Developing an inclusive community demands first dealing with the anxiety brought on by such intimate encounters. Hannah, a white student, feels threatened that “I’ll be personally blamed for racism.” Jeff, a male, fears that “I’ll be targeted for sexism.” Tyler, an athlete, confides, “I hate it that they think we’re not as smart as they are.” Yvonne, a black student, worries that “I’ll be put on the spot every time the subject turns to race.” While these anxieties complicate student interactions, as I mentioned above a considerable amount of research suggests that contact between people of different races and ethnicities can reduce prejudice—provided that four important conditions are in place: having the support of relevant authorities, sharing common goals, a sense of cooperation, and equal status. For my courses, we show the support of authorities by offering them as undergraduate courses that provide 3-5 credits, getting the administration to sign off by demonstrating that they...

Both consumption and production can be liable to fluctuations which would influence the preference between present and future. Other things being equal, oil refineries are liable to increase their stocks in the spring in order to satisfy rising demand for gasoline during the summer driving season. Flour mills may well draw down their reserves of grain in the winter in the expectation of plenty full supply from the forthcoming harvest. Commodity markets used to call the increasing demand and the rise in price from one period to the other the contango, and the increase in supply as the backwardation.1 Backwardation in the general, non-technical sense is the subject of the present column. A holder of a resource at a point we shall call spot wishes to increase his holding at a future date when its price is expected to be higher in the market. He will either wait for the price to rise and leave his position uncovered, or increase his holding at present at the lower price, and thus have hi...

Prices adjust to equate how much people want to buy with how much they want to sell. And if people want to buy more than they did before, prices rise. If people want to sell more than they did before, prices fall. Supply and demand. Buyers are competing with each other. Sellers are competing with each other. The prices we observe emerge from this competition. The simple answer of supply and demand is a strange answer, for it presumes you can talk about a good of a particular quality. In the real world, every good has a unique mix of attributes. Even when two goods are physically identical, they almost always come bundled with differing levels of service attached to them. Where do prices come from? The prices that we observe in the world around us emerge from the interaction between buyers and sellers and their alternatives. How can we capture the strange fact that no transaction takes place in a vacuum? How can we capture the order that emerges from all those transactions? Supp...

Economics is the study of such emergent phenomena, particularly when prices, monetary or non-monetary are involved. We call these phenomena "markets." It's an unfortunate term, but one of course, that I have no control over. It's the term that has been used for a century or more and is likely to endure. But I say unfortunate, because in the mind of the public, the term "markets," conjures up either the New York Stock Exchange or a farmer's market, highly organized, centralized interactions between buyers and sellers. Most of what we study in economics called markets are decentralizednon-organized interactions between buyers and sellers. Yet these decentralized, non-organized interactions result in prices, either monetary in the case of houses or non-monetary in the case of traffic, that have an orderliness to them in spite of their not being organized by any individual or even a group. That orderliness, that predictability, runs through our lives in wa...

Opportunity cost  is what you have to give up to get something. So one of the keys to thinking like an economist is always remembering that everything has a cost. This may be one reason economists have fewer friends than they otherwise would. Sometimes people are very happy holding on to the naïve view that something is free. We like the idea of a bargain. We don't want to hear about the hidden or non-obvious costs. Thinking about foregone opportunities, the choices we didn't make, can lead to regret. Choosing this college means you can't go to that one. Marrying this person means not marrying that one. Choosing this desert (usually) means missing out on that one. Sometimes, people just want to eat their cake and have it, too, without being reminded that they missed out on a spectacular piece of pie. The example of this are in college. What's the cost of college? The obvious part of the cost of college is tuition. It's not room and board because those would be i...

The most famous law in economics, and the one economists are most sure of, is the law of demand. On this law is built almost the whole edifice of economics. The law of demand states that when the price of a good rises, the amount demanded falls, and when the price falls, the amount demanded rises. But the low prices it not always raise the demand.  One of the best examples involves a new car wax, which, when it was introduced, faced strong resistance until its price was raised from $.69 to $1.69. The reason, according to economist Thomas Nagle, was that buyers could not judge the wax’s quality before purchasing it. Because the quality of this particular product was so important—a bad product could ruin a car’s finish—consumers “played it safe by avoiding cheap products that they believed were more likely to be inferior” (Nagle 1987, p. 67). It is not just price that affects the quantity demanded. Income affects it too. As real income rises, people buy more of some goods (which ...

In this article, Mr Robert Russell explaining about the important of Incentive. It start by explaining about history of Australia. England began sending convicts to Australia. The transportation was privately provided but publicly funded. A lot of convicts died along the way, from disease due to overcrowding, poor nutrition and little or no medical treatment. Between 1790 and 1792, 12% of the convicts died, to the dismay of many good-hearted English men and women who thought that banishment to Australia shouldn't be a death sentence. On one ship 37% perished. But a different approach was tried. The government decided to pay the captains a bonus for each convict that walked off the boat in Australia alive. This simple change worked like a charm. Mortality fell to virtually zero. In 1793, on the first three boats making the trip to Australia under the new set of incentives, a single convict died out of 322 transported, an amazing improvement. Incentive its not all about money,...

Student Number: 25214059 10. 60 Minutes the TV news magazine program featured a story on the popular singer Whitney Houston . Punctuation: 60 Minutes, the TV news magazine program , featured a story on the popular singer,  Whitney Houston . Explanation:  the TV news magazine program and   Whitney Houston are the appositive, because it give more information about the "60 minutes" and the "popular singer" 5. The number of bones in an adult human, 206, is far fewer than the number of bones in a human infant. Explanation: "far fewer than the number of bones in a human infant" is the appositive phrases, giving more essential information about the '206'. And also the appositive can't be a number if we back to the definition of appositive : "An appositive is a  noun , a  noun phrase , or a  noun clause  which sits next to another noun to rename it or to describe it in another way." (grammar-monster.com) Punctuation:  T...

Exercise A 5. The box can be opened only with a special screwdriver The sentence is correct, because there's a subject and verb Subject : The box Verb : Can be open 9. Yesterday found an interesting article on pollution. The sentence is incorrect, because there no subject in there and also the preposition (on) is not really fit explaining the sentence. The correct sentence is : Yesterday i found an interesting article about pollution. Subject : I Verb : Found Exercise B : 1. Valentine's Day, February 14 is a special holiday for sweethearts. The sentence is incorrect. The correct sentence : Valentine's Day on February 14 is a special holiday for sweethearts to express their love. Subject : Valentine's Day Verb : to express

This jacket cost (too much/ too many) - This jacket cost too much "Cost" in this sentence is abstract, so the word are non count nouns. When you go to .... store, please buy ... bottle of ... Chocolate milk and ... dozen of orange - When you go to the store, please buy a bottle of Chocolate milk and dozen of orange. There are seven students from Japan. ..... are from Iran and ....are from ... places - There are seven students from Japan. Other are from Iran and some more are from other places. the sentence is explaining about people, so this are count nouns with plural noun.

Grave of the Fireflies is an animated film telling the story of two children. 14 year old Seita and 4 year old Setsuko, they are brother and sister living in wartime Japan with their mother comfortably, their father serve as captain in the Imperial Japanese Navy. One day, an air strike from the US army attack and destroy the city where they live, a lot of people burned in their own house and also in the river a lot of dead bodies floating. Chaos everywhere, Seita and Satsuko need to evacuate but the mother suffers from heart condition so Seita and Seito need to go first. In the midst of chaos ,the children run to the bomb shelter by their own self. Seita and Setsuko manage to survive the air strike, after that they try to search their mother. They find her in the clinic set up within a school, the condition of their mother is in serious condition, horribly burnt and covered head to foot with bloody bandage. Sadly, she dies short time later and buried in a mass grave. Seita who see...

Unit 10 , Audio 46 1. We've got some rather unusual drinks machine in our office, which recycle bottles and cans,  there called reverse vending machine. When you finish your drink you put the can back into the machine, they quite popular actually, as our office produces less waste and you feel as you helping the environment 2. We didn't do much to help the environment in my office until someone start an initiative to turn the lights off, its really effective way to save energy and cut cost. 3. The most environmentally friendly area in my company is probably the canteen, most work canteen use plastic knife and forks but they wants we use by a dagradeable and so other cups, I think its useful way of teaching people about the green issues and at the same time making rubbish less harmful. 4. We've started car pooling system in my office so we don't all driver cars to work everyday, the idea is quite popular actually and about 60% of the staff take part, at l...

Text 1 Receptionist: Good Afternoon, Gunadarma Company, how may I help you? Ibrahim : Yes, I would like to speak to Mr. Adi Rahmanto, please. Receptionist: I'm sorry, Mr. Adi Rahmanto, is out of the office at the moment Ibrahim : Do you know when to expect him? Receptionist: he should be back about 3:00 p.m. Would you like to leave a message? Ibrahim : Yes. My name is Ibrahim Ahmad Receptionist: Is that A-H-M-A-D ? Ibrahim : Yes Receptionist: Okay, and may I tell him what this is in regards to? Ibrahim : about the new product development. Receptionist : okay. How can he reach you, Mr. Ibrahim ? Ibrahim : At 833-2124. Receptionist: 833-2124. Fine. I will give him the message as soon as he returns. Ibrahim : Thank you very much. Text 2 Ibrahim : Hello this is Ibrahim speaking. Adi : Hello mr. Ibrahim , this is Adi Rahmanto from Gunadarma Company. Ibrahim : Mr. Adi, i would like to meet you to discuss about our new development ...

Hubungan Hukum Perdata dan Hukum Dagang Hukum dagang dan hukum perdata adalah dua hukum yang  saling berkaitan . Hal ini dapat dibuktikan di dalam Pasal 1 dan Pasal 15 KUH Dagang. Hukum Perdata  adalah ketentuan yang mengatur hak-hak dan kepentingan antara individu-individu dalam masyarakat. Berikut beberapa  pengertian dari Hukum Perdata : Hukum Perdata adalah rangkaian peraturan-peraturan hukum yang mengatur hubungan hukum antara orang yang satu dengan orang yang lain dengan menitik beratkan pada kepentingan perseorangan Hukum Perdata adalah ketentuan-ketentuan yang mengatur dan membatasi tingkah laku manusia dalam memenuhi kepentingannya. Hukum Perdata adalah ketentuan dan peraturan yang mengatur dan membatasi kehidupan manusia atau seseorang dalam usaha untuk memenuhi kebutuhan atau kepentingan hidupnya. Hukum dagang  ialah hukum yang mengatur tingkah laku manusia yang turut melakukan perdagangan untuk memperoleh keuntungan atau hukum yang...

I. PENDAHULUAN Hukum Perjanjian adalah Salah satu bentuk hukum yang berperan nyata dan penting bagi kehidupan masyarakat adalah Hukum Perjanjian.Hukum perjanjian merupakan hukum yang terbentuk akibat adanya suatu pihak yang mengikatkan dirinya kepada pihak lain.Atau dapat juga dikatan hukum perjanjian adalah suatu hukum yang terbentuk akibat seseorang yang berjanji kepada orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu hal.Dalam hal ini,kedua belah pihak telah menyetujui untuk melakukan suatu perjanjia  tanpa adanya paksaan maupun keputusan yang hanya bersifat sebelah pihak. Alasan diciptakan Hukum Perjanjian? Dapatkah anda membayangkan resiko apa yang akan terjadi pada transaksi pinjam meminjam apabila tidak ada perjanjian yang jelas?Salah satu kemungkinan yang akan terjadi adalah salah satu pihak akan mangkir dari tanggung jawab untuk membayar kewajibannya.Inilah salah satu penyebab mengapa dikeluarkannya hukum perjanjian.Hukum perjanjian dikeluarkan dengan tujuan agar semua proses k...